First image is a telex machine not really a terminal, note the phone dial pad on the RHS. Is a telex machine connected to a computer? Sean Creighton. You point out it ships with Windows 7 - that is a year-old product is leaving Support in April of next year.
Sean - a telex connected to a computer is a TTY and the simplest possible Terminal. Scott Hanselman. One distinction I think is missing is that a terminal typically supports communication to a remote computer over a serial or Telnet connection. Doug Wheeler. September 24, It's where boot info showed, admin alerts, etc. The console was almost always located behind locked doors, in close proximity to the computer itself. In early PC days, when you could only have one MS-DOS command interpreter open, it made sense that this command line interface was also the console and why things like copy con worked.
Also, like a console on a big computer, you had complete access to the whole thing through this interface. Terminal: Remote session to the computer, typically over serial or sockets, either in a window on a computer or a dedicated device like the VTs I loved to use. These were located all over campus. FWIW, we also had a few teletype terminals on the floor in the labs, even though they were ancient by then. Could also be graphical now, of course. But it provides a way to get to user applications on the computer.
Anything beyond that is gravy. The definitions have evolved over time, and get muddy when you're talking about all three on a single device, but in my head, I tend to stick to what I learned in college back in the day.
Cygwin is not a shell, but a Unix emulation layer on top of Windows. As such it comes with a couple of shell options, bash being the default. But you can use zsh etc. Scott: Well, thank you for the reply. Now, when you say ConHost is being deprecated, I remember all the things that Microsoft initially designated as "deprecated" in the past, only to remain with us past their due date. Microsoft Paint is the most recent example. So, I'm afraid I'll believe it when I see it.
Also, it was amusing that you're referring to me as "7 - Fleet"! FleetCommand: deprecated doesn't mean removed, though.
Microsoft generally goes to a great deal of trouble to ensure backwards compatibility so it's not a shock that things stick around while people are still using them. Look at how long it took them to disable SMB1 by default in Windows, while they had basically been begging people to stop using it for years. My understanding is they plan to make it the default in some future build of Windows Some shells that are often used for scripting but lack advanced interactive features include the Korn shell ksh and many ash variants.
In unix system administration, a user's shell is the program that is invoked when they log in. Normal user accounts have a command-line shell, but users with restricted access may have a restricted shell or some other specific command e. The division of labor between the terminal and the shell is not completely obvious. Here are their main tasks. A terminal or a console is a piece of hardware, using which a user can interact with a host. Basically a keyboard coupled with a text screen.
Nowadays nearly all terminals and consoles represent "virtual" ones. The file that represents a terminal is, traditionally, called a tty file. A console must be a piece of hardware physically connected to or part of the host. It has a special role in the system: it is the main point to access a system for maintenance and some special operation can be done only from a console e. A terminal can be, and usually is, a remote piece of hardware. Last, but not the least, a shell is a special program that interacts with a user through a controlling tty and offers, to the user, the way of launching other programs e.
A terminal emulator is a program that emulates a physical terminal e. So when you look to a "text window" on your linux system under X11 you are looking to: a terminal emulator , connected to a virtual terminal , identified by a tty file, inside which runs a shell. The console is a terminal.
A system has got one console and potentially multiple terminals. The console is typically the primary interface for managing a computer, eg while it is still booting up. A terminal is a session which can receive and send input and output for command-line programs. The console is a special case of these. A TTY is essentially a pseudo device, call it a kernel resource, which is used by processes to access a specific terminal. TTYs can be tied to hardware such as a serial port, or can be virtual, eg created when a user logs in via a network.
The shell is a program which is used for controlling and running programs. It is often used interactively, via a terminal. Several Shell programs exist, Bash being arguably the most commonly used shell today. Other shells, in no particular order, includes Bourne Shell, C-shell, Dash, Tsch, Ksh, and the increasingly popular zsh.
There are many more. When you have a GUI, you can use a terminal program to draw a nice resizeable border, add scroll bars, and format the text, and so on, for a terminal session.
Often these are called terminal emulators, and sometimes they can handle multiple sessions via a TAB concept. A Terminal Emulator often starts a Shell to allow you to interactively work on a command line. A TTY i. T ele TY pewriter is a special device that lets people who are deaf, hard of hearing, or speech-impaired use the telephone to communicate, by allowing them to type text messages. A TTY is required at both ends of the conversation in order to communicate.
OR TTY is terminal which is used to type text message. Shell :the outside protective covering part of a seed i. OR framework or exterior structure to central or essential part of a system.
This usage persists in documentation; two different terms were and are used to refer to tty1, tty2… thingies. The code controlling virtual consoles resides in vt. Brouwer and asked him to clarify terminology used by early developers — Andries kindly provided some answers.
Examples are X-based terminal emulators and sshd , that allocates a pseudotty for each login session. Kernel - the innermost part of any modern operating system which directly talks to actual hardware. Shell - wrapper around the actual Kernel. Whenever we run command, we actually talk to shell which in turn invokes appropriate Kernel instructions. Apart from this, the shell is capable of performing some other stuffs like finding appropriate program while having commands, some file name short hand, piping commands etc.
Terminal - in the era of earlier computing, computers known as Mainframe were giant. So, it was easy to have a single processing unit and connect it from many places. Terminal is the actual hardware with keyboard and output devices connected to mainframe. Console - Special type of terminal which is directly connected to Mainframe for the purpose of OS Administration. Used before Video Terminals were available. But conventionally it has been still named as tty. Even the coommand stty.
There were typewriter-like devices with paper and keyboard. They were called teletypes which means "type remotely," since "tele" means "remote" or ttys for short. In the 70s they were obsoleted by devices with CRT monitor called glass ttys. Any computer need some way to report its status and errors and, probably, accept commands. It is done through console which is almost always connected directly to the computer.
Screen and tmux, which provides a layer of isolation between a program and another terminal Ssh, which connects a terminal on one machine with programs on another machine Expect, for scripting terminal interactions The word terminal can also have a more traditional meaning of a device through which one interacts with a computer, typically with a keyboard and display.
Console A console is generally a terminal in the physical sense that is by some definition the primary terminal directly connected to a machine. Command line [interface] A command line is an interface where the user types a command which is expressed as a sequence of characters — typically a command name followed by some parameters and presses the Return key to execute that command.
Shell A shell is the primary interface that users see when they log in, whose primary purpose is to start other programs. Input: the terminal converts keys into control sequences e. The shell converts control sequences into commands e. Line edition, input history and completion are provided by the shell. The terminal may provide its own line edition, history and completion instead, and only send a line to the shell when it's ready to be executed.
The only common terminal that operates in this way is M-x shell in Emacs. The terminal acts on these instructions. The prompt is purely a shell concept. The shell never sees the output of the commands it runs unless redirected. Output history scrollback is purely a terminal concept.
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