What's on Practical Law? Show less Show more. Ask a question. The Council can meet in ten different configurations covering all the subject areas with which the Council is concerned. The presidency of the Council changes every six months. It entails a coordination role. The presidency prepares the agenda meetings and facilitates the exchanges. Currently, the Presidency is occupied by Luxembourg until the end of December , the future schedule of presidencies being as follows:.
It has Members of Parliament from the 28 European Union countries. They have been elected once every five years since The turnout in was Together with the Council of the European Union , the European Parliament has legislative power preparing and adopting the EU laws but no power to initiate legislation.
The EP approves or rejects the appointment of the Commission as a whole. Since , six new alternative trading platforms have been set up in the EU area. While the study confirms the effectiveness of alternative trading platforms in reducing the market failure, they are not perceived by stakeholders to play an important role in providing additional capital to SMEs yet.
Both stakeholder interviews and case studies have revealed a general satisfaction with the State Aid Rules, which are broadly found as still relevant and well designed to address the identified market failure. Yet, certain features of the eligibility criteria still attract some criticism. The evidence collected throughout the study suggests that the Rules may have been effective, and that their possible negative effects are limited. As compared to the previous framework this positive effect has been driven by the fact that the current Rules are less strict and more flexible and that certain limits have been broadened.
Moreover, the evidence collected does not support the existence of a significant crowding-out effect, i. Nonetheless, the European VC market has remained fragmented, and sizeable differences in the development of the VC markets prevail.
Under the Aviation Guidelines, the Commission considers that airports should normally bear their operating costs. Nevertheless, regional airports with annual passenger traffic of up to 3 million , in the light of their contribution to the connectivity of citizens and regional development, can receive operating aid only for a transitional period of ten years that will end on 3 April This measure is meant to enable small airports to adjust to the phasing out of operating aid, in consideration of the many changes that the industry has undergo since the liberalization of air transport in The rules under the Aviation Guidelines link the maximum intensity of operating aid permitted during the transitional period to the number of airport passengers and smaller airports could benefit from higher aid intensity than larger airports.
Therefore, since , operating aid to these airports is considered compatible with the EU internal market. This study aims to assess whether the State aid rules on operating aid to regional airports set out in the Aviation Guidelines remain fit for purpose.
First, the existing literature provides evidence that air traffic has a positive impact on regional development, especially in the service industries. The effects seem to be more pronounced for the most remote and economically depressed areas.
Second, while the transitional period for the phasing out of aid seems adequate for regional airports with more than , passengers per annum; many airports below this threshold will not be able to cover their operating costs by , mostly the smallest ones.
In fact, using survey data at the airport level, this study finds that all larger airports and a majority of airports with annual passengers between , and ,, should be able to fully cover their operating costs by Third, current maximum aid intensity regimes seem appropriate for the majority of airports.
Fourth, the analysis shows that passengers are an important predictor of profitability. Other determinants of profitability may provide additional insights, but most of them e. Support the modernisation of public administrations by promoting and facilitating interoperability so that European public administrations can work seamlessly together across boundaries — Interoperability solutions.
The role of cohesion policy in promoting innovative and smart transformation and regional ICT connectivity.
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