The length and diameter of the tube is depended on the required mass flow rate and pressure drop. The capillary tubes are coiled to many turns so that it would only use less space. Capillary tubes are not capable to adjust to load change.
They are mostly used where the load is relatively constant with no large fluctuations. Small-bore size tube can get blocked with metal particles or even with high viscosity oils. So mostly a strainer is used at the inlet to the device. The tube of this device is selected with proper length and bore so that it can maintain the required pressure differential between the condenser and the evaporator. The thermostatic expansion valve is more efficient than the capillary tubes because thermostatic valves can vary the refrigerant flow according to the load.
The thermostatic expansion valve has a better cooling feature in ambient temperature than the capillary tube. Thermostatic expansion valves have larger refrigerant charge range than the capillary. The capillary would need the right refrigerant charge in the system but the TEV has a greater variation in charge without any bad effect in the performance. The capillary tube will control the refrigerant flow by the pressure drop across it in a refrigeration system. The diameter and length of the tube would determine the flow at a given pressure.
They are used when the load is relatively constant. The pressure of the refrigerant would drop down when the refrigerant enters the capillary tube from the condenser, the pressure is decreased because of the low diameter of the tube. If the diameter is small and has a long length then the pressure drop is achieved. The capillary tube is a non-adjustable device so that the refrigerant flow cannot be controlled, so the flow of refrigerant would change according to the variation in the surrounding.
Oh, we will also check to make sure the thermostat is working and set to the proper temperature. The most common problem with a capillary tube system is a restriction in the tubing. You see, the inside diameter of the tubing is so small, it can plug up easily. It is filled with desiccant. After years of use, the beads begin to flake and eventually plug the entrance to the cap tube. Usually the blockage is in the very first inch or so of the capillary tube.
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